What Causes Keratoconus?
Despite continuing research, the cause of keratoconus remains unknown. Although keratoconus is not generally considered an inherited disorder, the chance of a blood relative having keratoconus is thought to be as high as one in ten.
Vigorous eye rubbing, although not the cause of keratoconus, can contribute to the disease process. Therefore, patients with keratoconus are advised to avoid rubbing their eyes.

Symptoms:
Blurring and distortion of vision are the earliest symptoms of keratoconus. Symptoms usually appear in the late teens or early twenties. The disease will often progress slowly for 10 to 20 years, then stop.

In the early stages, vision may be only slightly affected, causing glare, light sensitivity, and irritation. Each eye may be affected differently. As the disease progresses and the cornea steepens and scars, vision may become distorted.

A sudden decrease in vision can occur if the cornea swells. The cornea swells when the elastic part of the cornea develops a tiny crack, created by the strain of the cornea's protruded cone-like shape. The swelling may persist for weeks or months as the crack heals and is gradually replaced by scar tissue.

Treatment:
Mild cases are successfully treated with glasses or specially designed contact lenses. When vision is no longer satisfactory with glasses or contact lenses, surgery, usually a corneal transplant, is recommended. Other surgeries such as special heating of the cornea (thermokeratoplasty) or adding additional corneal tissue (epikeratophakia) can also be done.

If sudden corneal swelling occurs, your ophthalmologist may prescribe eye drops for temporary relief. However, there are no medicines known which prevent progression of the disease.

If a corneal transplant is necessary for advanced keratoconus, vision usually improves. As in any eye surgery, complications such as transplant rejection, infection, and loss of vision can occur, so results cannot be guaranteed.

• National Keratoconus Foundation
• Center for Keratoconus
• American Optometric Association
• Ocular Times
• American Academy of Ophthalmology

Reference: American Academy of Ophthalmology